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Qadics

Q-adic fields, that is, unramified extensions of p-adic fields, are provided in Nemo by Flint. This allows construction of $q$-adic fields for any prime power $q$.

Q-adic fields are constructed using the qadic_field function.

The types of $q$-adic fields in Nemo are given in the following table, along with the libraries that provide them and the associated types of the parent objects.

LibraryFieldElement typeParent type
Flint$\mathbb{Q}_q$QadicFieldElemQadicField

All the $q$-adic field types belong to the Field abstract type and the $q$-adic field element types belong to the FieldElem abstract type.

P-adic functionality

Q-adic fields in Nemo provide all the functionality described in AbstractAlgebra for fields:.

https://nemocas.github.io/AbstractAlgebra.jl/stable/field

Below, we document all the additional function that is provide by Nemo for q-adic fields.

Constructors

In order to construct $q$-adic field elements in Nemo, one must first construct the $q$-adic field itself. This is accomplished with one of the following constructors.

Nemo.qadic_field — Function
qadic_field(p::Integer, d::Int, var::String = "a"; precision::Int=64, cached::Bool=true, check::Bool=true)
qadic_field(p::ZZRingElem, d::Int, var::String = "a"; precision::Int=64, cached::Bool=true, check::Bool=true)

Return an unramified extension $K$ of degree $d$ of a $p$-adic field for the given prime $p$. The generator of $K$ is printed as var.

The default absolute precision of elements of $K$ may be set with precision.

See also unramified_extension.

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Nemo.unramified_extension — Function
unramified_extension(Qp::PadicField, d::Int, var::String = "a"; precision::Int=64, cached::Bool=true)

Return an unramified extension $K$ of degree $d$ of the given $p$-adic field Qp. The generator of $K$ is printed as var.

The default absolute precision of elements of $K$ may be set with precision.

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Here are some examples of creating $q$-adic fields and making use of the resulting parent objects to coerce various elements into those fields.

Examples

julia> R, p = qadic_field(7, 1, precision = 30);

julia> S, _ = qadic_field(ZZ(65537), 1, precision = 30);

julia> a = R()
0

julia> b = S(1)
65537^0 + O(65537^30)

julia> c = S(ZZ(123))
123*65537^0 + O(65537^30)

julia> d = R(ZZ(1)//7^2)
7^-2 + O(7^28)

Big-oh notation

Elements of p-adic fields can be constructed using the big-oh notation. For this purpose we define the following functions.

AbstractAlgebra.O — Method
O(R::QadicField, m::Integer)

Construct the value $0 + O(p^n)$ given $m = p^n$. An exception results if $m$ is not found to be a power of p = prime(R).

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AbstractAlgebra.O — Method
O(R::QadicField, m::ZZRingElem)

Construct the value $0 + O(p^n)$ given $m = p^n$. An exception results if $m$ is not found to be a power of p = prime(R).

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AbstractAlgebra.O — Method
O(R::QadicField, m::QQFieldElem)

Construct the value $0 + O(p^n)$ given $m = p^n$. An exception results if $m$ is not found to be a power of p = prime(R).

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The $O(p^n)$ construction can be used to construct $q$-adic values of precision $n$ by adding it to integer values representing the $q$-adic value modulo $p^n$ as in the examples.

Examples

julia> R, _ = qadic_field(7, 1, precision = 30);

julia> S, _ = qadic_field(ZZ(65537), 1, precision = 30);

julia> c = 1 + 2*7 + 4*7^2 + O(R, 7^3)
7^0 + 2*7^1 + 4*7^2 + O(7^3)

julia> d = 13 + 357*ZZ(65537) + O(S, ZZ(65537)^12)
13*65537^0 + 357*65537^1 + O(65537^12)

julia> f = ZZ(1)//7^2 + ZZ(2)//7 + 3 + 4*7 + O(R, 7^2)
7^-2 + 2*7^-1 + 3*7^0 + 4*7^1 + O(7^2)

Beware that the expression 1 + 2*p + 3*p^2 + O(R, p^n) is actually computed as a normal Julia expression. Therefore if {Int} values are used instead of Flint integers or Julia bignums, overflow may result in evaluating the value.

Basic manipulation

Base.precision — Method
precision(a::QadicFieldElem)

Return the precision of the given $q$-adic field element, i.e. if the element is known to $O(p^n)$ this function will return $n$.

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AbstractAlgebra.valuation — Method
valuation(a::QadicFieldElem)

Return the valuation of the given $q$-adic field element, i.e. if the given element is divisible by $p^n$ but not a higher power of $q$ then the function will return $n$.

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AbstractAlgebra.lift — Method
lift(R::QQPolyRing, a::QadicFieldElem)

Return a lift of the given $q$-adic field element to $\mathbb{Q}[x]$.

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AbstractAlgebra.lift — Method
lift(R::ZZPolyRing, a::QadicFieldElem)

Return a lift of the given $q$-adic field element to $\mathbb{Z}[x]$ if possible.

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Examples

R, _ = qadic_field(7, 1, precision = 30);

a = 1 + 2*7 + 4*7^2 + O(R, 7^3)
b = 7^2 + 3*7^3 + O(R, 7^5)
c = R(2)

k = precision(a)
m = prime(R)
n = valuation(b)
Qx, x = QQ["x"]
p = lift(Qx, a)
Zy, y = ZZ["y"]
q = lift(Zy, divexact(a, b))

Square root

Base.sqrt — Method
Base.sqrt(f::PolyRingElem{T}; check::Bool=true) where T <: RingElement

Return the square root of $f$. By default the function checks the input is square and raises an exception if not. If check=false this check is omitted.

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Base.sqrt(a::FracElem{T}; check::Bool=true) where T <: RingElem

Return the square root of $a$. By default the function will throw an exception if the input is not square. If check=false this test is omitted.

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sqrt(a::FieldElem)

Return the square root of the element a. By default the function will throw an exception if the input is not square. If check=false this test is omitted.

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sqrt(a::Generic.PuiseuxSeriesElem{T}; check::Bool=true) where T <: RingElement

Return the square root of the given Puiseux series $a$. By default the function will throw an exception if the input is not square. If check=false this test is omitted.

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Examples

julia> R, _ = qadic_field(7, 1, precision = 30);

julia> a = 1 + 7 + 2*7^2 + O(R, 7^3)
7^0 + 7^1 + 2*7^2 + O(7^3)

julia> b = 2 + 3*7 + O(R, 7^5)
2*7^0 + 3*7^1 + O(7^5)

julia> c = 7^2 + 2*7^3 + O(R, 7^4)
7^2 + 2*7^3 + O(7^4)

julia> d = sqrt(a)
7^0 + 4*7^1 + 3*7^2 + O(7^3)

julia> f = sqrt(b)
4*7^0 + 7^1 + 5*7^2 + 5*7^3 + 6*7^4 + O(7^5)

julia> f = sqrt(c)
7^1 + 7^2 + O(7^3)

julia> g = sqrt(R(121))
4*7^0 + 7^1 + O(7^30)

Special functions

Base.exp — Method
exp(a::QadicFieldElem)

Return the $p$-adic exponential of $a$, assuming the $p$-adic exponential function converges at $a$.

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Base.log — Method
log(a::QadicFieldElem)

Return the $p$-adic logarithm of $a$, assuming the $p$-adic logarithm converges at $a$.

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Nemo.teichmuller — Method
teichmuller(a::QadicFieldElem)

Return the Teichmuller lift of the $q$-adic value $a$. We require the valuation of $a$ to be non-negative. The precision of the output will be the same as the precision of the input. For convenience, if $a$ is congruent to zero modulo $q$ we return zero. If the input is not valid an exception is thrown.

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Nemo.frobenius — Method
frobenius(a::QadicFieldElem, e::Int = 1)

Return the image of the $e$-th power of Frobenius on the $q$-adic value $a$. The precision of the output will be the same as the precision of the input.

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Examples

julia> R, _ = qadic_field(7, 1, precision = 30);

julia> a = 1 + 7 + 2*7^2 + O(R, 7^3)
7^0 + 7^1 + 2*7^2 + O(7^3)

julia> b = 2 + 5*7 + 3*7^2 + O(R, 7^3)
2*7^0 + 5*7^1 + 3*7^2 + O(7^3)

julia> c = 3*7 + 2*7^2 + O(R, 7^5)
3*7^1 + 2*7^2 + O(7^5)

julia> c = exp(c)
7^0 + 3*7^1 + 3*7^2 + 4*7^3 + 4*7^4 + O(7^5)

julia> d = log(a)
7^1 + 5*7^2 + O(7^3)

julia> c = exp(R(0))
7^0 + O(7^30)

julia> d = log(R(1))
0

julia> f = teichmuller(b)
2*7^0 + 4*7^1 + 6*7^2 + O(7^3)

julia> g = frobenius(a, 2)
7^0 + 7^1 + 2*7^2 + O(7^3)